For example, a retrospective study may involve analyzing the lifestyle choices and medical history of a group of 100 people with type 2 diabetes. This type of research uses historical data. In academics as well as in medical research, a retrospective study refers to a study that examines backward in time, generally using medical records and interviews with patients who are already known to have a disease. In medicine, a medical retrospective can refer to a patient’s medical history and lifestyle. As a noun, retrospective refers to a compilation showing the development of an artist’s work over a period of time. The adjective retrospective is used in many fields, including medicine, law, and arts. Prospective means looking back into past events or situations. – Comparison of Key Differences Key Terms What is the Difference Between Retrospective and Prospective A prospective cohort study, on the other hand, is a type of study where no one in the sample has the disease being measured when the study commences. A retrospective cohort study is a study where researchers comparatively study the historical data of a group of people who have a particular disease and a group of people who do not have that disease. We mainly use the two adjectives retrospective and prospective when describing cohort studies. The main difference between retrospective and prospective is that retrospective means looking backwards (into the past) while prospective means looking forward (into the future).
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